In gas CONDENSATE reservoirs, by reservoir depletion, pressure decreases below the dew point pressure of the fluid and CONDENSATE forms in the reservoir. This heavy part of the gas has found many applications in industry and also in daily life. When CONDENSATE drops out in the reservoir not only is this valuable liquid lost, but also its accumulation results in forming a CONDENSATE bank near the wellbore region. The created bank makes a considerable reduction in gas well productivity. These facts demonstrate that finding an economical way to increase the CONDENSATE recovery from CONDENSATE reservoirs is essential.In this study gas injection has been simulated in a gas CONDENSATE reservoir to increase the CONDENSATE recovery factor. In addition, capability of injection of different types of gas in CONDENSATE recovery has been compared through different injection schemes. The injection schemes that have been considered are: different injection rates, different reservoir pressures at which the injection is implemented and different injection durations.A compositional simulator was applied to simulate a simplified gas CONDENSATE reservoir model. The injection pattern was a one-eighth of a five-spot pattern with finer grids near the producer and injector. The simulation results showed an increase in CONDENSATE recovery from 5% to 30% in all injection cases.Many parameters can affect the decision of selecting the injection scheme, other than the gas and CONDENSATE recovery factor. Therefore, an economical evaluation and analysis is inevitable to take them all into account to determine the optimum scheme.

The productivity of CONDENSATE-gas reservoirs can be adversely affected by accumulation of CONDENSATE near the wellbore when the pressure decreases below the dew point. One of the proposed methods to prevent this CONDENSATE banking is altering rock wettability from liquid-wetting to gas-wetting by appropriate chemical treatment. We evaluated the performance of this treatment process for a real well by single well simulation study. The effect of relative permeability modification on the residual oil saturation in the region 1 around the well, total CONDENSATE production and total gas production were studied in our simulation work. The effect of chemical treatment up to different radial distances from the wellbore on total gas and CONDENSATE production were compared. The results showed short distance treatment around the well may be sufficient to prevent CONDENSATE accumulation near the wellbore. The economic analyses showed that the wettability alteration can increase gas production revenue. The results of the present work demonstrated that the chemical treatment can be economically applied in the field scales.

Background and Objective: The collection of exhaled breath CONDENSATE (EBC) is a noninvasive, safe and simple technique to obtain direct samples from lung and use for estimation of the effects of air pollution on human subjects. EBC contains several compounds including simple ions, hydrogen peroxide, proteins, cytokines, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), creatine, Electrolytes, trace elements and toxic metals that are diluted by water vapor. The objective of this study was to determine biomarker IL-6 in exhaled breath CONDENSATE using an exhaled breath CONDENSATE collector.Materials and Methods: The collector was designed and built and was used for collection and condensation of exhaled breath. EBC was taken from 36 young participants. Each person was asked to breathe for 10-15 min and the CONDENSATE was kept in a vial. The samples of exhaled breath were cooled down to -20 °C using the collector. The exhaled breath was converted to the solid/liquid mixture and then, the biomarker IL-6 was measured with ELISA (Enzyme -linked immunosorbent assay) method using HS600B R& D Kit.Results: The mean concentration of IL-6 was 1.08 pg/mL in collected samples. The standard deviation of IL-6 concentration was 0.47. Moreover, the average volume of collected EBC was 2.3 mL, ranged between 0.3 and 3.5 mL.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the volume of the exhaled breath CONDENSATE was comparable with similar commercial devices. The average concentration of interlukin-6 was similar to the concentrations reported by other studies. Based on the findings, this equipment can be used by researchers as a suitable device for measurement of IL-6 in exhaled breath CONDENSATE.

RF receive and transmit non-homogeneity is one of the most effective causes of image non-uniformity in MRI images and is considered as an important source of error in quantitative studies. Part of this non-homogeneity is a characteristic of RF coils and part of it, is due to the interaction of RF field with the body being imaged. In this study, RF field non-homogeneity of a volume head coil is measured in human brain (In vivo) as well as in water and oil phantoms, using a method which was proposed by this group formerly. Comparing the results shows that RF non-homogeneity in water phantom is more than its value in oil phantom. It was also shown that it was even more than its value in human brain In vivo conditions. Non uniformity pattern shows that in both In vivo and water phantom cases, standing wave effect is dominant under our experimental conditions which may cause over-estimating in real magnitudes of Rf non-homogeneity and imaging effective parameters, such that, should has been considered in designing of MRI related phantoms.